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카지노 슬롯머신 전략 유희왕 황금성 해저이야기사이트 강원 랜드 슬롯 머신 하는법 신천지게임랜드 손오공게임다운로드 우주전함야마토게임 바다이야기게임다운 현금게임 바다이야기 릴게임 손오공 게임 다운 황금성 다운로드 알라딘게임잭팟 알라딘게임예시 황금성하는법 최신 릴게임 배터리게임 하이클래스릴게임 모바일 게임 공략 야마토게임방법 캡틴프라이드게임 황금성 슬롯 야마토창공 릴게임강시 777 무료 슬롯 머신 바다이야기7 야마토2게임동영상 야마토게임공략법 야마토사이트 황금성릴 슬롯머신 무료체험 알라딘온라인릴게임 바다게임사이트 다모아릴게임 오리지널야마토 온라인릴게임사이트 바다이야기 무료체험 바다이야기넥슨 몰게임 일본빠찡코 무료황금성 온라인신천지 다빈치무료릴게임 바다이야기 다운로드 바다이야기사이트먹튀 릴게임주소 오리지날야마토연타예시 바다이야기먹튀신고 다모아릴게임 슬롯버그 우주전함 야마토 먹튀 바다이야기 프로그램 야마토2게임하기 알라딘오락실 바다이야기온라인 바다이야기상어 강원랜드 슬롯머신 규칙 블랙잭추천 릴게임 다운로드 신천지게임 오션바다이야기게임 오리지널야마토 하이로우하는법 사설배팅 황금성게임어플 오리지날야마토2게임 오션파라다이스시즌7 10원바다이야기 오션파라다이스 먹튀 온라인 손오공 릴게임 슬롯 릴 게임 온라인릴게임 먹튀 검증 온라인 릴게임 정보 신천지 게임 공략법 황금성3하는곳 릴게임 오션파라다이스 온라인릴게임예시 슬롯머신 규칙 바다게임이야기 파라다이스오션 바다이야기 기계 가격 릴게임바다이야기 온라인신천지 신천지게임하는곳 무료충전야마토 바다신2다운로드 바나나게임 프라그마틱환수율 오리지날황금성9게임 알라딘게임다운 다빈치 황금성검증 바다이야기고래 잭팟 바다이야기 게임기 오락실게임 다빈치무료릴게임 메가슬롯 슬롯머신 규칙 오션슬롯주소 알라딘게임랜드 파라 다이스 오션 야마토사이트 골드몽게임 바다이야기기프트전환 손오공바다이야기 온라인백경 야마토예시 릴게임 공략법 프라그마틱 슬롯 종류 뉴야마토 야마토2게임다운로드 바다슬롯 먹튀 바다이야기 넥슨 야마토 연타 황금성제주도 슬롯 프라 그마 틱 무료체험 릴게임신천지 바다이야기사이트먹튀 오션파라 다이스게임다운로드 바다이야기먹튀신고 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 바둑이라이브 백경예시 일본빠칭코게임 [Kim Mi-Kyung, Edaily Reporter] “Korea’s highly competitive, credential-focused society perpetuates a vicious cycle that exacerbates the low birthrate,” says Willem Adema, Senior Economist at the OECD, who has spent over 30 years researching labor and family policy. He points to excessive private education as a key reason why Korea’s birthrate is uniquely low among OECD countries. The financial bu주식으로 미래를 여는 사람들
rden of high private education costs and relentless competition discourages young people from marriage and parenthood. The very existence of terms like ‘4-year-old’ and ‘7-year-old entrance exams’ for다빈치릴게임
elite preschools and academies is a painful indicator of Korea’s overheated private education market, according to this OECD expert.



Willem Adema, Senio모나미 주식
r Economist at the Social Policy Division of OECD



Korea Spends the Most on Private Education Among OECD Countries

In a recent video in에스엘 주식
terview ahead of the Edaily Strategy Forum, Adema noted, “About 80% of Korean students participate in private education. From an early age, they compete fiercely for stable, high-income jobs. No other오리자날 양귀비
OECD country sees such high private education costs or intensity.”
As a result, many Korean families have no children or only one, while Japanese families are more likely to have two or three.
According to a recent survey from Ministry of Education, Korea’s total private education spending in 2023 reached a record 29.2 trillion Korean won(“KRW”), up 7.7%(2.1 trillion KRW) from the previous year, despite a decrease of 80,000 students(5,210,000→5,130,000). Monthly per-student private education spending also rose 9.3% to 474,000 KRW.
Adema, who drew attention in Korea for his 2019 report on low birthrates, will deliver the opening keynote at the Edaily Strategy Forum on June 18~19. He cites high private education and housing costs, as well as a culture of long working hours, as the main drivers of Korea’s low birthrate.
The OECD sees fundamental issues like Korea’s dual labor market and university hierarchy as barriers to recovery. Korea’s total fertility rate in 2023 was 0.75?still the lowest in the world, despite a slight rebound.
Adema emphasizes normalizing public education as the solution. He advises “Improving the quality and perceived value of public education shall be required in order to reduce dependence on private education. Systems supporting parental leave and childcare must also be maintained and developed.”
Korea’s Low Birthrate Policy Scores 7~8 Out of 10
Adema gives Korea’s low birthrate policies a score of 7~8 out of 10. “People need confidence that work·life balance is possible in order to have children. Korea has made progress, but its family support system is still incomplete, and spending on family benefits remains below the OECD average,” he says, calling for more development.
He stresses the need for trusted, continuous family policies that provide consistent support for parents of young children. “Policies shouldn’t change drastically every 2 or 3 years. Parental leave and child allowances must not be reduced, and young people need to believe these policies will still exist 5 or 15 years from now. Continued investment in public education can also help reduce reliance on private education.”
Adema also points out that government alone is not omnipotent and emphasizes the need for employer cooperation. “There are limits to what government can do. Further increases in the birthrate depend on changes in workplace culture - employers and unions must make work environments more family-friendly,” he says.
For instance, Sejong City, with more quality jobs and lower housing prices than Seoul, has a higher average birthrate than other regions.
He adds, “Korea’s working hours don’t need to be so long. Parental leave should be available to both permanent and temporary workers, and pay deductions for taking leave should be reformed. This is an issue for employers, unions, and workers, and also about bridging the generational gap in attitudes.”
Adema warns that Korea’s rapid aging will pose even greater challenges. “Population issues arising from low birthrates and aging will increase the burden on younger generations and fuel intergenerational conflict and gender inequality. Mutual respect between men and women, young and old, is essential for social cohesion, and measures to foster this respect are needed,” he says.
He predicts that demand for long-term care will continue to rise. “The most important thing is to recognize this issue. It may not be urgent now, but in 30 years it will be a reality. Building a long-term care system to meet rising demand will be a key challenge for Korea’s future.”
About Willem Adema
Willem Adema leads family, gender, and housing policy analysis at the OECD Social Policy Division. He became known in Korea after his 2019 report identifying Korea’s long working hours as a key driver of low birthrates. He holds degrees from Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherland and a doctorate from St. Edmund Hall, Oxford.
김미경 (midory@edaily.co.kr)